Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: results of epidemiologic studies
Article Abstract:
Current or long-term treatment with estrogen may increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Many postmenopausal women take hormone replacement therapy with estrogen or a combination of estrogen and progestin. A statistical analysis was done of 31 articles published in the medical literature that examined the association between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. No association was found between ever using hormone replacement therapy and an increased risk of breast cancer. Long-term treatment with estrogen was associated with a 20% to 30% higher risk of developing breast cancer. A higher incidence of breast cancer occurred among women who were currently being treated with estrogen. The risk of breast cancer was the same in women treated with a combination of estrogen and progestin as in those treated with estrogen alone.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 1993
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Post-menopausal hormone use and tooth loss: a prospective study
Article Abstract:
Hormone replacement therapy may help postmenopausal women prevent tooth loss. Estrogen use helps prevent osteoporosis, and some tooth loss may be due to loss of bone in the jaw. The Nurses' Health Study has been tracking over 120,000 nurses with questionnaires every two years since 1976. Researchers analyzed data from 1990 and 1992 on hormone replacement and tooth loss in 42,171 postmenopausal respondents. Current hormone users were 24% less likely to have lost one or more teeth than never users after statistical adjustment for age and smoking status. Prior use of hormones reduced the odds of tooth loss by 9%. Differences in health care habits did not account for the differences between hormone users and nonusers. However, the protective effect of hormones bore no relationship to type of hormonal regimen, duration of use, or dosage.
Publication Name: Journal of the American Dental Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-8177
Year: 1996
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Postmenopausal hormone use and risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma
Article Abstract:
Hormone replacement therapy appears to lower the risk of colorectal cancer and intestinal polyps in postmenopausal women. Researchers followed 59,002 postmenopausal women participating in the Nurses' Health Study. Between 1980 and 1994, 470 women developed colorectal cancer and 838 developed a benign tumor called an adenoma. The risk of colorectal cancer was 35% less in women currently taking hormone therapy but this protection diminished in those who had stopped treatment and was non-existent in women who had not used estrogen for 5 years or more. Hormone therapy also reduced the risk of developing large adenomas but not small ones.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1998
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