Hormone-replacement therapy - breast versus heart versus bone
Article Abstract:
Hormonal therapy may decrease the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women, but it can also increase the risk of breast cancer. Women over the age of 60 who have undergone hormone replacement therapy for five years or longer had an increased risk of breast cancer and death from the disease in a long-term study of nurses. The combination of progestin and estrogen therapy did not appear to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Women should evaluate their individual risk factors for heart disease, osteoporosis and breast cancer in determining whether they should use hormone replacement therapy. Estrogen-replacement therapy appears to be more beneficial for women who have had a hysterectomy. Estrogen combined with progestin is recommended for women with a complete uterus.
Publication Name: The New England Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0028-4793
Year: 1995
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Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer
Article Abstract:
The findings related to estrogen exposure and the risk of breast cancer, the mechanism that might be involved and clinical implications were reviewed. The results found an increased risk associated with elevated blood levels of endogenous estrogen, clinical indicators of persistently elevated blood estrogen levels, and exposure to exogenous estrogen plus progestin through hormone-replacement therapy and use of oral contraceptives.
Publication Name: The New England Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0028-4793
Year: 2006
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Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer
Article Abstract:
The density of both breast tissue and bones can be used to assess a woman's exposure to natural and artificial forms of estrogen. This in turn can be used to estimate her risk of breast cancer, since estrogen and its metabolites are a known risk factor for breast cancer.
Publication Name: The New England Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0028-4793
Year: 2001
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