Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Article Abstract:

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy involves intermittent inhalation of pure oxygen under a pressure greater than one atmosphere. During the 1960s, HBO was proposed as a treatment for cancer, heart attack, senility, and other conditions, but research studies did not obtain reproducible results. The skepticism engendered among medical personnel by these failures extended to HBO's use for treating clinical conditions that it had been shown to help. A review of these conditions is provided. HBO acts both mechanically, due to its pressure component, and physiologically, due to its oxygen component. HBO therapy has been effective in treating decompression sickness (the illness resulting from too-rapid changes in pressure by divers or aviators), and air embolism (introduction of air into the circulatory system, often unintentionally by medical personnel) by mechanically reducing the size of gas bubbles, and increasing oxygen levels in the blood. Oxygen is essential for proper function of certain cells of the immune system and, in certain injuries, such as burns and crush injuries, HBO treatment can increase the supply of oxygen to tissues otherwise deprived of it. Complications of HBO treatment include trauma to or rupture of cavities, neurotoxicity resulting from exposure to 100 percent oxygen for long periods, and other sequelae. HBO therapy is indicated for decompression sickness, air embolism, carbon monoxide poisoning, acute traumatic ischemia (crush injuries that deprive tissues of oxygen), and bacterial invasion of a necrotic wound (in which tissue has died). HBO may also stimulate regrowth of blood vessels in damaged tissue adjacent to areas treated by radiation therapy and may promote bone formation in cases of osteomyelitis (bone infection) that have not responded to other treatments. This therapy also shows promise for treating a variety of 'problem wounds', but randomized, prospective studies are lacking. Overall, HBO therapy is safe and effective for certain conditions, and well-formulated clinical trials could help extend its use to others. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Complications and side effects, Oxygen therapy, Hyperbaric oxygenation

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Effects of 100% oxygen on performance of professional soccer players

Article Abstract:

The effect of the use of supplemental oxygen during competition, a widespread practice, was assessed in 12 professional soccer players in a randomized double-blind study. The players performed two bouts of exhaustive exercise separated by five minutes of rest. During this recovery period, they were given either ordinary room air or 100 percent oxygen. Oxygen administration had no effect on blood levels of lactates, which indicate fatigue, nor were the players able to identify which gas they had been given. This demonstrates that breathing one hundred percent oxygen for short periods confers no advantage upon athletes during exhaustive exercise or recovery after it.

Physiological aspects, Oxygen, Soccer players, Treadmill exercise tests

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Head and Neck Injuries Among Ice Hockey Players Wearing Full Face Shields vs Half Face Shields

Article Abstract:

A full face shield worn by ice hockey players can reduce the risk of injury to the face, teeth and eyes without increasing the risk of concussion or neck injury. In a study of 642 ice hockey players from 22 teams, 11 teams wore a full face shield and 11 wore a half face shield. Those who wore half face shields had twice the risk of a face injury and 10 times the risk of a tooth injury compared to those who wore full face shields. The incidence of neck injuries or concussion was similar in both groups.

Health aspects, Injuries, Prevention, Wounds and injuries, Sports injuries, Hockey players, Shields, Shields (Protective devices)

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