Infection of baboons with simian human immunodeficiency viruses

Article Abstract:

Some HIV-related viruses may be capable of infecting baboons. This potential for infection may in turn allow for the testing of HIV vaccines on these animals. Researchers tested the ability of three HIV-1 strains, and two simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) types to infect baboons and their isolated blood. Each virus was injected into two animals, and the animals were evaluated for 32 to 60 weeks. HIV-1 infection of the animals or cultured blood cells was not possible. The SHIV(HXBc2), but not the SHIV(SF2) replicated effectively in cultured blood cells. Tests for isolated virus and antibodies indicated no HIV infection in the animals. Tests for isolated virus and antibodies indicated early infection with SHIV(HXBc2) and delayed infection with SHIV(SF2). Lymph node tests also indicated lack of HIV infection and presence of SHIV infection. None of the animals developed outward symptoms of infection or AIDS.

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Pathologic and serologic responses of isogeneic twin lambs to phenotypically distinct lentiviruses

Article Abstract:

The genetic characteristics of HIV-infected people may determine the severity of their illness. Researchers studied a virus similar to HIV called ovine lentivirus that causes pneumonia and lymphatic disease in sheep. A similar type of lung disease is often seen in children and adults infected with HIV. One lamb in a set of twins was inoculated with a strain that normally produces no symptoms and the other twin was inoculated with a strain that produces a severe form of the disease. All of the lambs developed slight to severe pneumonia regardless of which strain they had received. They also developed lymphatic disease. In addition, analysis of fluid taken from the lamb's lungs 20 weeks after inoculation revealed that the viral strain that normally produces no symptoms had converted to the strain that produces severe pneumonia.

Diseases, Sheep

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Biological and genetic changes in ovine lentivirus strains following passage in isogeneic twin lambs

Article Abstract:

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS may undergo mutation in the human body that causes the virus to become more virulent. Researchers studied a virus similar to HIV called ovine lentivirus that causes lung disease in sheep. A similar type of lung disease is often seen in children and adults infected with HIV. One lamb in two sets of identical twins was inoculated with a mild strain of the virus and the other lamb was inoculated with a virulent strain. Twenty weeks after inoculation, cultures of lung fluid from the lambs revealed that both strains of the virus had changed into a more virulent strain. DNA sequencing of a portion of the outer envelope of the virus indicated that the genes for this part of the virus had changed, especially in the lambs who developed severe lung disease.

Research, Viruses, Evolution (Biology), Mutation (Biology), Mutation

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