Lymphocyte activity in the presence of peritoneal fluid from fertile woman and infertile women with and without endometriosis

Article Abstract:

Endometriosis is caused by the implantation of endometrial tissue, the cells lining the inside of the uterus, in other parts of the body. It can cause pain, bleeding and infertility. The disease is not well understood, although it is thought that menstrual blood carrying endometrial cells flows backwards into the fallopian tubes and out into the abdominal cavity. Changes in the response of lymphocytes have been implicated. Lymphocytes are white blood cells which, when exposed to foreign substances, or antigens, provoke an immune response. The responsiveness of lymphocytes in the fluid of the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity was evaluated in fertile women, women with endometriosis, and women with unexplained infertility. Levels of interleukins 1 and 2, antigen-fighting proteins produced by lymphocytes, were measured. It was found that out of 23 patients with endometriosis, five had high levels of interleukin-1 and three had high levels of interleukin-2. Elevated levels of interleukin-2 were found in six out of eight patients with unexplained infertility. Normal fertile patients did not have raised interleukins at all. It is suggested that the growth and recruitment of lymphocytes in the fluid of the peritoneum resulting from endometriosis may contribute to the development of infertility and disease.

Research, Measurement, Causes of, Development and progression, Interleukins, Fertility, Human, Human fertility, Endometriosis, Infertility, Female, Female infertility

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Serum CA 125 levels and spontaneous abortion

Article Abstract:

Maternal blood serum levels of CA 125 do not appear to serve as a marker for impending miscarriage. CA 125 is a protein of embryonic origin. During early pregnancy, CA 125 levels in maternal blood increase. CA 125 levels peakat 10 weeks gestation, and decline thereafter. Some studies have concluded that high levels or low levels predict miscarriage. A group of 188 women in an infertility treatment program had baseline CA 125 levels measured before pregnancy. CA 125 levels were measured weekly after pregnancy during gestational weeks 4 through 12. Sixty-six women had miscarriages. No differences were found in CA 125 levels between the group of women who miscarried and the group that did not. Women with high levels of CA 125 were not more likely to miscarry.

Antigenic determinants

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Immunohistochemical studies of human uteroplacental tissues from first-trimester spontaneous abortion

Article Abstract:

Repeated spontaneous abortion may not be the result of abnormal human leukocyte antigen (HLA) histocompatibility molecule production or complement regulatory proteins. Specific patterns of white blood cells may possibly establish or destroy pregnancy status. Researchers compared the tissues from uterus and placenta following two different types of miscarriage and voluntary abortion in 48 women. Eight women had a spontaneous first miscarriage, 20 women had at least a fourth miscarriage, and 20 women terminated their pregnancies by choice. Tissue analysis failed to confirm the presence of human leukocyte antigen molecules or the lack of complement regulatory proteins.

Fetal tissues, HLA class II antigens

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