Nutrition and the precontest preparations of a male bodybuilder

Article Abstract:

The goal of competitive bodybuilding is to attain perfection in muscle development. The first phase of training is to build muscle, while the final phase before a competition seeks to reduce body fat, especially the skin surface, to further enhance cosmetic appearances. The training regimen of a 27-year-old male bodybuilder 30 days prior to a competition is described. Dietary changes, exercise, and steroid and diuretic drugs were used in this final phase to achieve weight and fat loss goals. The subject followed a drug regimen he received from another bodybuilder which included taking six different steroids (300-400 milligrams per week), a diuretic to achieve water loss, and a female hormone he said he used to stimulate testosterone (male hormone) production. He purchased the steroids at his gym and could not get them the last week of his training. The bodybuilder achieved a 15.6 pound weight loss and placed in the top three in his division at the competition. While the subject was on steroids his blood tests showed several abnormal values, including an increase in red blood cells and blood concentration. This may have been the result of taking both steroids, which stimulate red blood cell production, and diuretics, which decrease blood concentration through fluid loss. Blood values began to return to normal the last week of training when the steroids were unavailable. This subject also had changes in his cholesterol levels, with an increase in total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins and a decrease in high density lipoproteins, changes which are considered unfavorable. These values also reverted to normal with cessation of steroid use. Approximately one third of the weight lost was lean body tissue and not fat, which suggests that the weight loss was achieved too quickly. The authors suggest that the second phase should have been started earlier to prevent loss of any muscle bulk that was achieved during the first phase. They also suggest that the changes in lipid and blood concentrations that resulted during this training period put this man at risk for blood clot formation, with possible serious health consequences. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Health aspects, Training, Drug use, Bodybuilding, Bodybuilders, Steroids (Drugs)

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The significance of ultrasonographically diagnosed fetal position anomalies

Article Abstract:

Ultrasonographic findings of fetuses with fixed flexed wrists may indicate the strong possibility of chromosomal abnormalities or movement disorders. Researchers reviewed scans of 27,467 second and third trimester ultrasound examinations for abnormal fetal wrist positions. Twenty-two fetuses had abnormally fixed flexed wrists as seen on prenatal ultrasound scans. Thirteen of these fetuses had abnormal chromosome patterns indicating abnormal development. Abnormal wrist positions seen on ultrasound scans can indicate birth defects, such as absence of the radius bone in the arm, or movement disorders. Patients should be offered genetic counseling.

Birth defects, Prenatal diagnosis

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Predicting birth weight by fetal upper-arm volume with use of three-dimensional ultrasonography

Article Abstract:

A formula using upper arm volume as determined by three-dimensional ultrasound measurements appears to be an accurate method for predicting birth weight and more accurate than traditional formulas based on two-dimensional ultrasounds. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional ultrasounds were performed on 105 pregnant women within two days of delivery. Formula results using both methods were compared with actual birth weight. There were fewer errors using the three-dimensional formula than other accepted formulas. Birth weight can be estimated by multiplying the arm volume by 36.024 and adding 1088.60.

Evaluation, Forecasts and trends, Measurement, Three-dimensional display systems, Three dimensional displays, Arm, Birth weight

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