Optimal time in the menstrual cycle for serum progesterone measurement to diagnose luteal phase defects

Article Abstract:

The corpus luteum, formed on the surface of the ovaries during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, produces the hormone progesterone. Progesterone prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg. A defect arising in the luteal phase may cause infertility due to an unacceptable uterine environment. Although a woman may conceive, implantation of the fertilized egg does not occur. Diagnosis of a luteal phase deficiency is made by measuring progesterone levels in the blood. Normal progesterone production is highest during the middle of the luteal phase. A low level of progesterone during this phase indicates a luteal phase deficiency. Endometrial biopsy, using a small sample of cells from the uterine lining, can determine levels of progesterone. Although this is an accurate determination, it is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure. Determining levels of progesterone in the blood is less invasive, but establishing precisely the amounts of progesterone during a normal and abnormal luteal phase is difficult. The day during the menstrual cycle which seems to offer the most accurate diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency by blood progesterone is found to be between days 25 and 26 rather than the midluteal phase. Less than 21 nmol per liter of progesterone in the blood indicates a luteal phase deficiency.

Causes of, Infertility, Female, Female infertility

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Accuracy of gestational age estimation by means of fetal crown-rump length measurement

Article Abstract:

A table for determining gestational age based on the fetal crown-rump length measurement was constructed using data from test tube-fertilized pregnancies. Normally, gestational age is based on the date of the last menstrual period, but these determinations are not always accurate. Ninety-four infertile women were implanted with fertilized eggs on day 14 of gestation. Fetal crown-rump length was measured using ultrasound examinations throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. A quadratic model was applied to the data, and gestational age was found to exist in a curvilinear relationship with fetal crown-rump length. The new tables were compared with existing tables based on ultrasound measurements of fetal crown-rump length and estimates of gestational age based on the date of the last menstrual period. When fetal length measurements were outside the range of 40 to 60 millimeters, the previously existing tables tended to under or overestimate gestational age compared with data from the test-tube fertilized fetuses.

Body size, Body weights and measures, Gestational age

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Comparative analysis of progesterone and placental protein 14 measurements in the evaluation of luteal function

Article Abstract:

Measuring blood levels of progesterone on days four and seven of the menstrual cycle may be an effective method for diagnosing luteal insufficiency. Progesterone is a hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, the yellow mass in the ovary formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its egg. Blood levels of progesterone, luteinizing hormone and placenta protein 14 were measured daily during one menstrual cycle in 45 women between 22 and 49 years old with a regular menstrual cycle. Measurement of blood levels of progesterone on days four and seven of the menstrual cycle revealed that 39 women had normal luteal function and six women had luteal insufficiency. A single measurement of progesterone or placental protein 14 was not effective for diagnosing luteal insufficiency.

Pregnancy proteins

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