Ovarian response in superovulated cycles after suppression with oral contraceptive steroids

Article Abstract:

In vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer are two methods used to achieve pregnancy among infertile couples. Both techniques involve collecting eggs from the woman and sperm from the man, combining them together, and putting them back into the woman's body. In most cases, drugs are used to induce ovulation (the release of eggs from the ovaries) so that the eggs can be collected. This procedure is called ovarian hyperstimulation, and clomiphene acetate and human menstrual gonadotropins are used for this purpose. Under normal circumstances the pituitary gland in the brain releases hormones called gonadotropins that cause the eggs to mature and to be released from the ovaries. By inhibiting this process and treating the patient with gonadotropins, the time of egg release can be predicted and the eggs can be collected. Oral contraceptive steroids have been used to suppress the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, and have been helpful in allowing the scheduling of patients for ovarian hyperstimulation. To evaluate the usefulness of oral contraceptives for this purpose, 94 women undergoing IVF were studied. The women were treated with 35 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 milligrams of norethindrone per day for 34 days. At the scheduled time of ovarian hyperstimulation, the women were treated with clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotropins. After five days of treatment an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was given, and 34 hours later the eggs were collected. Eggs were collected following 73 out of 114 cycles of treatment with hCG, and pregnancy was achieved in 15 women. In 41 cases (36 percent) hyperstimulation was stopped because of complications. It is concluded that oral contraceptives can be used for scheduling ovarian hyperstimulation. Although most of the women had a rapid return of ovarian and pituitary function after therapy, this treatment was associated with a high cancellation rate (36 percent). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues have also been used for this purpose, but have a cancellation rate of only 13 percent. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Care and treatment, Physiological aspects, Oral contraceptives, Fertilization in vitro, Human, Human fertilization in vitro, Infertility, Ovulation, Clomiphene

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Metabolic changes during medical treatment of endometriosis: Narfarelin acetate versus danazol

Article Abstract:

Endometriosis is a condition where cells that normally line the uterus are found elsewhere in the abdomen, causing chronic pain and infertility. Patients with severe symptoms may require surgery, while mild cases may be treated with medication. Current drug therapies include birth control pills or high doses of progestin (synthetic progesterone, a hormone used in preparing the uterus for pregnancy) to create a pregnancy-like environment. Another drug commonly used is Danazol, a synthetic androgen (male hormone) which has many unwanted side effects such as weight gain, increased hair growth, oily skin, acne, and voice changes. A potentially dangerous side effect is increased blood cholesterol, associated with cardiovascular disease. Nafarelin can be used to maintain similar benefits without the unwanted side effects associated with Danazol.

Health aspects, Complications and side effects, Endometriosis, Progesterone, Danazol, Nafarelin

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The role for preimplantation genetic diagnosis in balanced translocation carriers

Article Abstract:

The idea of using preimplantation genetic diagnosis after the identification of a parental balanced translocation, relating to the number of embryos suitable for transfer after preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a known translocation and aneuploidy screening is presented. The results revealed that there are very few embryos that are available for transfer from patients after translocation and aneuploidy screening.

Science & research, Research, Hybridization, Aneuploidy, Preimplantation diagnosis

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