Persistent infant crying

Article Abstract:

Persistent infant crying often results in distress to the mother, disturbance of the family, and even child abuse. Management of this problem has been costly in terms of time and money. However, the extent and types of persistent infant crying have been studied only recently. Studies show that: (1) crying levels increase from birth to a maximum at six to eight weeks and then decline rapidly; (2) more frequent distress of the mother is associated with increased levels of crying; (3) infant crying follows a circadian, or 24-hour, pattern; (4) afternoon and evening crying decline at six months, whereas night crying increases at nine months among persistent criers; and (5) infants referred to health professionals for crying problems tend to cry for prolonged periods. The term 'colic' has been defined in three different ways, referring to the amount and intensity of crying; the referral by the parents for their child's crying problems and associated behavior; and gastrointestinal problems, such as pain during digestion. These variations in definition have made it difficult to determine the incidence (number of new cases) of colic. The causes of persistent crying may be due to physiological factors, such as the inability to tolerate cow's milk; difficult temperament; problems with maturation, or development, of the nervous system; and inadequate care. Persistent crying was previously managed by the use of dicyclomine hydrochloride, but this drug was withdrawn from the market due to side effects. Certain types of infant formula, such as that free of cow's milk, may reduce persistent crying in some infants. Carrying and responsive caring may also be effective in treating persistent crying. Studies suggest that diet and the interaction between the mother and infant are both potentially worthwhile methods for managing persistent infant crying. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Care and treatment, Causes of, Telecommunications systems, Infants, Mother and child, Mother-child relations, Crying in infants, Infant crying, Colic in infants, Colic

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Nutritional manipulation in the management of dumping syndrome

Article Abstract:

Dumping syndrome refers to the rapid emptying of the stomach immediately after eating a meal rich in carbohydrates. It causes nausea, sweating, diarrhea, and an acquired dislike for food resulting in weight loss and weakness. It causes blood sugar levels to rise and fall rapidly. It is known to occur in patients who have had surgery to correct gastroesophageal reflux (the backward flow of the contents of the stomach up into the esophagus). Several types of dietary modifications have been tried in the treatment of dumping syndrome, including placing tubes in the nose or abdomen to deliver food to the stomach, giving small amounts of thickened foods on a frequent basis, and adding fiber or uncooked cornstarch to the diet. This article describes the case reports of two children who developed dumping syndrome following stomach surgery to correct gastroesophageal reflux. Both children were treated successfully by adding fat and uncooked corn starch to the diet. Fat slows down the digestion process and slows gastric emptying. Microlipid is a commercially available fat emulsion that can be used for tube feeding. Uncooked corn starch helps to stabilize blood sugar levels. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Health aspects, Children, Postgastrectomy syndromes, Dumping syndrome

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