Pertussis - United States, January 1992-June 1995
Article Abstract:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report a total of 15,286 pertussis cases from 1992 to 1994, and a decline in pertussis cases for the first half of 1995. Pertussis is a contagious infection of the respiratory tract, which is also called whooping cough. From 1992 to 1994, pertussis infection was more common in infants and children under one year of age, accounting for 41% of the 13,615 patients for whom age statistics were available. Among children aged 7-18 months, diptheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine effectiveness was 64% for those receiving three doses and 82% for children receiving four or more doses. Although the incidence of pertussis has declined with the widespread use of whole-cell pertussis vaccine, cyclical outbreaks have occurred at approximately three-year intervals in the 1980s and 1990s. New acellular vaccines may prove more effective in preventing the childhood disease than the whole-cell pertussis vaccine.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1995
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Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in early childhood after household exposure
Article Abstract:
The acellular pertussis vaccine may be effective in preventing pertussis in children living in homes where they are exposed to the highly contagious disease. Researchers analyzed the incidence of pertussis in 360 children up to the age of 47 months, living in homes with other infected individuals. Of these children 173 had not received vaccination, 112 had received the diptheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, and 75 had received the diptheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccine. Pertussis developed in 93 of the unvaccinated children, seven of the DTaP recipients, and one of the DTwP recipients. Thus the calculated efficacy of DTaP was 88.7% and that of DTwP was 97.6%. The effectiveness of the DTaP vaccine did not appear to wane with time. Other factors, such as age, socioeconomic level, and erythromycin treatment did not affect the calculated efficacy of DTaP.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1996
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Trends in pertussis among infants in the United States, 1980-1999
Article Abstract:
More babies developed whooping cough in the 1990s compared with the 1980s, according to data from the CDC's National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System that were collected between 1980 and 1999. The number of babies with whooping cough increased 49% during this time period, from a rate of 34 cases per 100,000 babies in the 1980s to 51 cases in the 1990s. This occurred mostly in babies four months old or younger, because most babies are not vaccinated until they are older.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 2003
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