Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy men and women

Article Abstract:

It is known that in several chronic diseases, the level of physical activity on the part of the patient is inversely related to mortality; as the level of activity increases, the death rate decreases. There is no agreement, however, regarding the relationship of physical fitness, which is objectively measurable, to physical activity, which is more subjectively defined. In this study, which involved 13,344 men and women, each person was given a treadmill exercise test. Based upon treadmill performance, age, and sex, each person was assigned to one of five physical fitness categories. The people in the study were tracked for an average of more than eight years, and death rates were calculated for each fitness category. A relative risk of death factor (RR) was then computed, taking into consideration smoking, cholesterol level, blood pressure, blood sugar, and family history of heart disease. Low physical fitness was found to be an important risk factor in increasing death rates for both men and women. The results showed a strong, inverse relationship between physical fitness and death. Moderate levels of physical fitness seem to protect against early death. Two specific conditions, heart disease and cancer, showed lower death rates in the higher fitness categories. Factors which contribute to physical fitness are also discussed.

Research, Evaluation, Patient outcomes, Statistics, Heart diseases, Cancer, Health risk assessment

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Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men

Article Abstract:

Men who maintain their physically fit status and those who increase their physical fitness appear to live longer than men in their age group who remain unfit. Poor physical fitness has long been associated with an increased risk of mortality, especially mortality related to heart disease. A group of 9777 men who had undergone at least two clinical examinations at the same preventative medicine clinic were divided into a physically fit group and a physically unfit group based on the results of their first examination. Those who were fit at their first examination and remained fit until the second examination (fit/fit group) had the lowest death rate. Those who remained unfit through both exams (unfit/unfit) had a death rate about three times higher than the fit/fit group. Those who were unfit during the first examination but fit by the second examination had a 44% reduction in mortality compared to the unfit/unfit group.

Exercise, Men, Exercise for men

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Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women

Article Abstract:

Physical fitness can apparently lower the risk of death significantly even in people with other cardiovascular risk factors. Researchers gave 25,341 and 7,080 women a treadmill test to measure their cardiovascular fitness and followed them for up to 19 years. Low fitness levels increased the risk of death approximately 50%, which was approximately equal to or greater than the risk of smoking, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. High fitness reduced the risk of death in people with other risk factors. In fact, these people had lower death rates than low-fit people with no other risk factors.

Physiological aspects, Circulatory system, Cardiopulmonary system, Respiratory system

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