Plastic surgery

Article Abstract:

Contributions of plastic surgery have not been limited to restoration after disfiguring disease and accidents; research by plastic surgeons on skin transplantation has led to new understanding of transplant rejection, which affects many fields of medicine. Other modern techniques of plastic surgery include the rerouting of nerves to achieve facial symmetry. Facial paralysis, as a result of stroke, tumors, or accidents, can occur in which one side of the face is deprived of its normal nerve input. The muscles on that side of the face become flaccid and droop. It is possible to take branches of the nerves from the other side of the face and attach them to the muscles on the affected side. This surgery can restore a symmetrical appearance to the face. Because some of the nerves are no longer connected to their original muscles, the patient must sometimes learn tricks to achieve the desired control of facial muscles and expression. Computed tomography (CT) has affected many fields of medicine, and plastic surgery is no exception. When the face is badly damaged in an accident, CT can provide detailed information about the damage. Considerable deformity has been accepted in the past as the inevitable consequence of severely damaged facial structures. With computed tomography, the plastic surgeon knows precisely what to expect and can develop a plan for reconstruction. Not only does this improve the chances that the appearance of the face may be restored, but eye and jaw function may be restored as well. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Reports, Surgery, Skin-grafting, Skin grafts, Paralysis, Facial, Facial paralysis

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Plastic surgery

Article Abstract:

Advances in plastic surgery include improved ways of designing and transferring flaps. One innovation is the use of tissue growth factor to promote the formation of new blood vessels. Donor tissue can be grown in culture and may include synthetic biocompatible materials. Tissue grafts created using this technique include bone, cartilage, ligaments and skin. Synthetic skin created from the patient's own skin was developed over 10 years ago to treat burns. However, it is not as effective as skin grafts and is susceptible to infection. Lasers have been developed that can peel off skin in the same manner as a chemical peel. The advantage of the laser is that it is much easier to control the extent of the peel. It remains a very expensive procedure, however. Many plastic surgeons are using endoscopes to minimize incisions. They have been used in face lifts and breast surgery.

Research, Usage, Innovations, Lasers in surgery, Laser surgery, Flaps (Surgery), Surgical flaps, Endoscopic surgery, Artificial skin

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Calculating the workforce in general surgery

Article Abstract:

General surgeons will continue to be in demand. Researchers reviewed information from several databases to estimate the general surgery workforce and to assess future health care needs. There have been about 600 graduates of general surgery residency programs each year and the number has remained stable. This includes graduates in general, abdominal, critical care, and traumatic surgery, but not in surgical subspecialties such as pediatric, vascular, and hand surgery. The number of fully trained, active general surgeons is estimated between 17,289 and 23,502, according to this study, which is about half of what has generally been used elsewhere in calculations. The ratio of general surgeons to the population is about seven per 100,000, which is below the number that will be needed in the future.

Supply and demand, Surgeons

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