Prevalence of HIV antibody among a group of paraphilic sex offenders

Article Abstract:

An issue currently being discussed is whether persons who commit sexual crimes should undergo mandatory testing for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Paraphilic sex offenders have intense cravings for sexual behavior that not only deviates from the norm, but frequently involves inappropriate partners, such as children (pedophilia). Other examples of paraphilia include masochism and transvestism. In April 1990, the prevalence of antibodies to HIV was examined from blood samples from 77 paraphilic sex offenders. These offenders were being treated at the Sexual Disorders Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Many of the offenders also engaged in more socially appropriate sex with consenting adult partners. Although the sexual behavior of the individuals included in the study necessarily involved actual or potential exchange of body fluids, which can increase the risk of spreading HIV, none of the 77 paraphilic sex offenders tested had antibodies to HIV (as determined by a test known as ELISA), indicating that they were not infected with the virus. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Sex offenders, HIV infection, HIV infections, Disease transmission, HIV seropositivity, HIV positive

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High prevalence of overweight in inner-city schoolchildren

Article Abstract:

A significant percentage of inner-city school children appear to be overweight. Of 879 boys and 791 girls aged five to 11 in three elementary schools in Central Harlem, NY, 88% were black and the other 12% were Hispanic. Overall the children were taller and heavier for their age than standards from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). In boys, the average height for age and the average weight for age were 1.4 centimeters (cm) and 2.2 kilograms (kg) greater than the NCHS standards. In girls, the average height for age and the average weight for age were 2.7 cm and 2.8 kg greater than the NCHS standards. Furthermore, a significant percentage of both boys and girls were overweight. When the children's weight for height values were compared with their weight for age, more boys and fewer girls were considered overweight. Early maturation, especially among girls, may explain some of the findings.

Demographic aspects, Obesity in children, Childhood obesity, Elementary school students

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Antinuclear antibody determination in a routine laboratory

Article Abstract:

Laboratories that perform antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests should follow certain procedures. ANA tests screen patients for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Sjogren's syndrome. Initially, each laboratory should test local patients with established lupus and healthy volunteers to determine their laboratory's distinction between a positive and negative ANA test result. They should also daily evaluate their test materials against standard test materials to ensure accurate test results. Laboratory personnel should attend national quality control meetings to familiarize themselves with challenging samples.

Methods, Diagnosis, Autoimmune diseases, Diagnosis, Laboratory, Laboratory diagnosis, Antinuclear antibodies

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