Preventive dentistry: Periodontal diseases, malocclusion, trauma, and oral cancer

Article Abstract:

The United States Preventive Services Task Force reviews ways to prevent major diseases and conditions of the mouth and teeth. Most Americans are affected by periodontal diseases of the gums and supporting structures, which cause tooth loss and significant medical expense. Yet, periodontal diseases such as gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums, are largely preventable by brushing, flossing, and professional cleaning of teeth. Malocclusion, or improper alignment of teeth, is often caused by premature tooth loss in childhood and can be prevented with space-maintaining appliances. Trauma to the mouth and jaw can cause long-term problems, particularly if the jaw is broken. Injuries are most commonly caused by contact sports, falls, and accidents; important preventive measures include seat belts, and in sports such as football, mouth guards. Oral cancer can be most effectively prevented by avoidance of smoking, heavy alcohol intake, and chewing tobacco. Tobacco that is chewed is highly carcinogenic; the risk of cancer of the cheek and gum may be 50 times as great for persons who chew tobacco. The lining of the mouth and throat should be examined regularly by a professional to identify precancerous lesions; the elderly, in particular, should have these examinations. Physicians and nurses have many opportunities to participate in oral disease prevention and strategies for collaborating with the patient's dentist are outlined. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Standards, Dental hygiene, Preventive dentistry

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Preventive dentistry: I. dental caries

Article Abstract:

The condition of an individual's teeth and mouth influence general health, speaking ability, nutrition and appearance. According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, oral diseases are very common but are frequently overlooked by patients and professionals alike because they are rarely life-threatening. Mouth and teeth disorders do result in a significant amount of pain, medical cost, and time missed from work or school. In 1986, expenditures for dental care in the United States were $29.6 billion. Since people do not see dentists as often as they should, and see primary care doctors and nurses far more often, these health care professionals can do much to reduce the incidence of tooth decay (dental caries), other diseases around the teeth (periodontal diseases), improper positioning of the chewing teeth (malocclusion), mouth and tooth injuries, and oral cancer. Recommendations are made for how general practitioners and nurses can help prevent and treat these conditions by communicating with the patient's dentist.

Care and treatment, Analysis, Dental care

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Association of Dental Caries and Blood Lead Levels

Article Abstract:

Children who are exposed to lead may have a higher risk of dental cavities. A study of 24,901 people who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found that elevated lead levels in the blood were associated with a greater risk of cavities in children between the ages of 5 and 17. This could explain some of the regional differences in the rate of cavities in children.

Health aspects, Risk factors, Lead in the body

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