Reduction in the incidence of human listeriosis in the United States: effectiveness of prevention efforts?
Article Abstract:
The decreasing rates of human listeriosis since 1989 suggest that prevention, education, and regulatory efforts adopted since 1989 have been effective. Human listeriosis is usually caused by the transmission of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes in contaminated foods such as soft cheeses and poultry products. L monocytogenes can cause sepsis, meningitis and stillbirths and has a fatality rate between 20% and 40%. After publicized outbreaks in the mid and late 1980s, the FDA instituted strict regulatory guidelines for certain food industries and developed hotlines for industry and consumer queries. In 1989, 1,965 cases were reported, 481 resulting in death. The incidence of listeriosis in 1986 was 7.3 per 1 million people, but declined to 4.2 per 1 million in 1993. Most of this decline occurred between 1990 and 1993, after prevention efforts began.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1995
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Serogroup C meningococcal outbreaks in the United States: an emerging threat
Article Abstract:
The incidence of serogroup C meningococcal outbreaks appears to be increasing. Meningococcal infection is a significant public health problem. One of every seven people infected by the organism Neisseria meningitidis dies. Researchers analyzed the incidence of meningococcal outbreaks occurring between 1980 and 1993 by reviewing data from a variety of sources including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Twenty-one outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal disease were identified. Thirteen outbreaks occurred between 1981 and 1991 and eight occurred between January 1992 and June 1993. Eleven of the outbreaks occurred in schools or other institutional settings. The remaining 10 outbreaks occurred in the general community among people who did not have contact with the same institutional settings.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1995
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School-based clusters of meningococcal disease in the United States: descriptive epidemiology and a case-control analysis
Article Abstract:
Meningococcal disease spreads faster among school students than in the general population in the US and so broad treatment with chemoprophylaxis and vaccines could significantly reduce the number of cases. Chemoprophylaxis is treatment with a chemical that prevents the disease. A study of 22 clusters of meningococcal disease in schools from Jan 1989 to Jun 1994 found that group activities and attendance were linked to increased risk. Household members of an infected person had a 500-to-1000 times increased risk while school contacts had only a two times greater risk compared to the general population.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1997
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