Toxic shock syndrome associated with Staphylococcus aureus sinusitis in children

Article Abstract:

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious condition that occurs in response to infection with Staphylococcus aureus. The syndrome involves a rash, fever, and peeling of the skin in combination with the symptoms of shock, including hypotension (low blood pressure). Since TSS was first described in 1978, it has become clear that the syndrome may be associated with tampon use during menstruation, the infection of surgical wounds, and focal infections with S. aureus. In some cases, TSS has been associated with influenza; these cases have presumably resulted from occult (hidden) nasal infection with S. aureus, a relatively common condition. As reported in this article, the cases of three children with toxic shock syndrome illustrate clearly that infection of the sinuses with S. aureus can be a significant hidden infection source in cases of TSS. In two cases, the TSS was clearly associated with sinusitis caused by S. aureus; in the third case, recurrent TSS was associated with sinusitis which resolved upon antibiotic treatment. Although the isolation of S. aureus is not a requisite for the diagnosis of TSS, most investigators believe that this infection is the cause of most, if not all, cases of TSS. The authors emphasize that in the case of S. aureus sinusitis, a nasal swab is not adequate for proper bacteriological analysis, and that fluid from the infected sinus must be drained and cultured for identification of the organism. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Causes of, Complications and side effects, Sinusitis, Toxic shock syndrome, Staphylococcal infections

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A recombinant human adenovirus vaccine against rabies

Article Abstract:

Rabies virus infections are estimated to cause 20,000 deaths annually, mostly in southeast Asia. Although the disease is not a major issue among humans in the US, rabies in animals causes considerable economic injury. Raccoons, foxes, and other small, wild animals maintain a reservoir of the virus in this country. The stress of the vaccination process in man, however, causes extreme anxiety. Effective vaccines for human and animal use are available, but the costs are extremely high. Recombinant (manufactured) virus vaccines, using infectious vector viruses to carry the rabies antigen, are being studied. (The vector viruses carry the vaccine.) While the vaccinia virus is frequently used as the vector virus, adenoviruses should also be considered, since they are stable and can produce infection via the oral route. A preparation was made of human adenovirus type 5 recombinant virus with the rabies glycoprotein gene. The product labelled AdRG1 was administered to dogs and mice, intranasally, orally or parenterally (by injection). Further studies were conducted using a single intraperitoneal (into the abdomen) dose in mice. Animals that were treated with AdRG1 withstood subsequent intracerebral challenge with live rabies virus. Control mice, which did not receive AdRG1, died after rabies virus challenge. The use of recombinant adenovirus vectors in the preparation of antirabies products requires further study. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Innovations, Evaluation, Prevention, Rabies, Animal diseases, Rabies vaccines, Rabies in animals

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