Rotavirus surveillance - United States, 1989-1990

Article Abstract:

Infection with a rotavirus is the most common cause of dehydrating diarrhea in American children. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) established a Rotavirus Surveillance System (NRSS) in January 1988 to assess the epidemiology of rotavirus infection, and their findings for the period between January 1989 and November 1990 are discussed. During this period, 56 laboratories submitted monthly reports and included 12 pediatric, 17 community, and 23 university hospital laboratories; two public health laboratories; and two commercial laboratories. The methods used to detect the rotavirus included enzyme immunoassay techniques, latex agglutination tests, and electron microscopy. Twenty percent of collected specimens were positive for the rotavirus. The number of positive specimens was highest in February 1990 and lowest in October 1990. During the first full rotavirus season under surveillance in the United States, between October 1989 and May 1990, the maximum rate of positive detection varied with different regions of the United States. Infection with rotavirus is the major cause of gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the stomach and intestines, in American children and accounts for one third of the hospitalizations for diarrhea in children younger than five years of age. Hospitalizations occurred mainly in the winter and rates were highest among children under two. Between 1979 and 1985, about 500 children died each year from diarrhea, including 20 percent from diarrhea related to rotavirus infection. The death rates were greatest in the South among black children less than six months of age. Death and hospitalization may be prevented by use of treatment to rehydrate the body. Vaccines to protect against rotavirus infection are currently under development. Surveillance of rotavirus-related deaths and hospitalizations should improve with increased use of diagnostic tests and better classification of the disease. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Causes of, Complications and side effects, Demographic aspects, Rotavirus infections, Diarrhea in children, Childhood diarrhea

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Enterovirus Surveillance--United States, 1997-1999

Article Abstract:

Of the 66 different types of enteroviruses known to medicine, many are always present and others only appear as epidemics followed by years of less activity. Enteroviruses cause 10-15 million infections in the US each year, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, neonatal enteroviral disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, poliomyelitis-like illness, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and upper respiratory disease.

Statistical Data Included, Statistics, Enteroviruses

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Transmission and clinical features of enterovirus 71 infections in household contacts in Taiwan

Article Abstract:

Enterovirus 71 infections can be spread within families and can be very dangerous to young children. In a study of 94 families in Taiwan affected by this viral infection, children were much more likely than adults to die and to have severe symptoms and long-term consequences. The largest outbreak of enterovirus 71 occurred in Taiwan in 1998.

Taiwan, Patient outcomes, Prognosis, Communicable diseases, Disease transmission, Enterovirus diseases, Enterovirus infections

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