Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine in seronegative volunteers

Article Abstract:

Endemic diseases occur continuously in a given area and result in low mortality. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the most prevalent and endemic diseases worldwide. HAV, also known as infectious hepatitis, is commonly spread via the fecal-oral route, and is associated with poor sanitary conditions. Increased risk of HAV infection is found among personnel working in day care centers and mental health facilities, intravenous drug users, and travelers to areas of high endemicity (regions where the disease is endemic). School-age children and young adults are at the greatest risk of clinical infection. The World Health Organization has included this disease in it vaccine development program. To evaluate the effectiveness of a live HAV vaccine, 52 seronegative adults at low risk of HAV infection volunteered to be vaccinated. (Seronegative means that they did not have antibodies to HAV, an indication that they had not been previously infected by the virus.) Four groups of 10 subjects each received increasing doses of live attenuated HAV vaccine; 12 persons were given injections of placebo (inactive solution). The vaccine was well tolerated and no significant adverse reactions were noted. The development of antibodies against HAV, an indication of the immunogenicity of the vaccine, was dose-dependent. Higher vaccine doses induced maximal antibody responses. Viable virus was not recovered from blood or stool specimens of the participants by the virus isolation methods employed. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Physiological aspects, Hepatitis A virus, Hepatovirus

---

Hepatitis A vaccine

Article Abstract:

A new vaccine may prevent acute hepatitis A in children who live in communities with a high incidence of the disease. Hepatitis A is spread in contaminated water, and can be prevented by treating and filtering drinking water. Adults can also be treated with gamma globulin, or antibodies, from hepatitis patients to prevent development of the disease. A research study found that an inactivated hepatitis A virus vaccine may prevent development of acute hepatitis in children. An inactivated virus vaccine contains killed virus, which stimulates a protective immunological response in the body. Ninety-nine percent of the children who were vaccinated developed protective antibodies against hepatitis A, and none developed hepatitis A after three weeks. This vaccine may be expensive to produce in large quantities, and it may not protect against the development of non-acute hepatitis A.

Editorial, Usage

---

A controlled trial of a formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in healthy children

Article Abstract:

An inactivated hepatitis A vaccine may be a safe and effective method for preventing hepatitis A in children. An inactivated vaccine consists of killed virus, which stimulates a protective immunological response without causing the disease. Of 1,037 children from a Hasidic Jewish community that had recurrent outbreaks of hepatitis A, 519 received injected vaccine and 518 received a placebo, an inactive substance. Within 21 days of vaccination, seven children who were vaccinated developed hepatitis A, compared with three children in the placebo group. After day 21, none of the children in the vaccine group developed hepatitis A, compared with 34 children in the placebo group. None of the children who were vaccinated experienced a serious adverse reaction to the vaccine. Some children experienced redness and swelling at the site of injection and fever.

Evaluation

Similar abstracts:

• Abstracts: Heterosexual transmission of HIV: a view of the future. Risk factors for hepatitis C virus seropositivity in heterosexual couples
• Abstracts: Enhanced inhibition of hepatitis B virus production by asialoglycoprotein receptor-directed interferon. A SADS defect in tumor cells provides optimism
• Abstracts: Longitudinal development and tracking of calcium and dairy intake from teenager to adult. Effects of health measurements and health information in youth and young adulthood in dietary intake: twenty year study results from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study
• Abstracts: A multistate, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A. Hepatitis A vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis
• Abstracts: The frequency of familial dilated cardiomyopathy in a series of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

This website is not affiliated with document authors or copyright owners. This page is provided for informational purposes only. Unintentional errors are possible.