Second-trimester echogenic bowel and intraamniotic bleeding: association between fetal bowel echogenicity and amniotic fluid spectrophotometry at 410 nm

Article Abstract:

An ultrasound finding of fetal bowel echogenicity may be associated with amniotic fluid that contains hemoglobin, suggesting that bleeding has occurred within the amniotic sac. Fetal bowel that is strongly echogenic may indicate that the fetus has a birth defect such as Down syndrome. Researchers performed spectrophotometric studies of amniotic fluid to determine if fluid contained blood in 14 pregnancies undergoing amniocentesis because of ultrasound findings of fetal echogenic bowel and in 104 second-trimester pregnancies undergoing amniocentesis for other reasons. Amniotic fluid with an optical density of 410 nanometers (nm) correlated strongly with fetal bowel echogenicity and with the presence of hemoglobin. Echogenic bowel may be caused by the fetus's swallowing of amniotic fluid containing blood.

Analysis, Usage, Ultrasound imaging, Physiological aspects, Intestines, Heme, Intestinal obstruction

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Acute maternal hydration in third-trimester oligohydramnios: effects on amniotic fluid volume, uteroplacental perfusion, and fetal blood flow and urine output

Article Abstract:

Pregnant women with low volumes of amniotic fluid may increase fluid volume for a short time by drinking lots of water. Researchers studied 10 women with low volumes of amniotic fluid and normal volumes, all in their third trimester of pregnancy, and found that only women with low amniotic fluid volumes shows increased fluid volumes after drinking two liters of water in a two-hour period. Fetal urine production was not observed to increase in either group after mothers drank water, which may suggest that the flow of fluid from the mother through the placenta to the amniotic sac may improve after water consumption. The flow rate of the uterine artery increased after water consumption but not the flow rates of fetal blood vessels.

Measurement, Causes of, Oligohydramnios

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Accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of renal agenesis with color flow imaging in severe second-trimester oligohydramnios

Article Abstract:

Color Doppler ultrasound can accurately diagnose renal agenesis in unborn fetuses. Renal agenesis occurs when one or both kidneys are missing. Ultrasound can detect an absence of renal arteries, which are also usually missing. Researchers used color Doppler ultrasound on 33 women with oligohydramnios, which is a lack of amniotic fluid in the uterus that can indicate fetal problems. Color Doppler ultrasound did not detect renal arteries in eight fetuses. A subsequent fetal autopsy revealed that seven of these fetuses lacked both kidneys and one lacked one kidney. The technique identified three other fetuses who had only one kidney, which was confirmed at autopsy. There were a few false positive diagnoses but no false negatives.

Kidneys, Kidney, Doppler ultrasonography

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