The role of the placenta in nutrition of the human fetus

Article Abstract:

New investigative methods, such as ultrasonography and fetal blood sampling, allow examination of the role of the placenta in fetal nutrition that was previously not possible. Not only does the placenta supply nutrients that are transported to the fetus, it also synthesizes hormones and other metabolic factors critical for development. Some of these factors enter the maternal bloodstream where they induce changes in the mother's cardiovascular system and metabolism that help the fetus obtain necessary nutrients. The placenta, far from being a passive filter for substances delivered to it in the blood, appears to play an active role in regulating nutrient composition. Results are presented from several experiments using isolated human placental tissue obtained soon after delivery. Experimental techniques are explained and evaluated. Of principal concern were the abilities of molecules of different size, shape, and electrical characteristics to pass across placental membranes. Certain substances (nutrients, vitamins) need to pass from the mother to the fetus, while others (end-products of metabolism) must move from the fetus to the maternal circulation. The biochemical aspects of such asymmetric flux are described. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Evaluation, Fetus, Food and nutrition, Biological transport

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A chloride channel from human placenta reconstituted into giant liposomes

Article Abstract:

Chloride ion channels may be present in placental membranes, and these channels may be involved in transporting substances within the placenta. Researchers used purified trophoblast plasma membrane to reconstitute ion channels of the brush border membranes of the placenta into giant liposomes, or fat particles, and to analyze the channels' functions. Electrophysiologic studies revealed that the chloride ion channels had a large electrical conductance capacity. The ion channels may be controlled by estrogens and antiestrogens.

Chloride channels

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Localization and expression of prostaglandin [E.sub.2] receptors in human placenta and corresponding fetal membranes with labor

Article Abstract:

Study is conducted to characterize the temporal and tissue specific localization and expression of the prostaglandin [E.sub.2] (PG[E.sub.2]) receptor subtypes (EP1-4) in uteroplacental tissues during human pregnancy. The conclusion reveals that the presence of these receptors in the placenta and fetal membranes may indicate autocrine roles for [(PGE).sub.2] in the signaling pathways associated with placental function and parturition.

Prostaglandins, Fetal membranes, Medical condition overview

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