Tuberculin and anergy testing in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative persons

Article Abstract:

Reliability of the tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) test may vary depending on the immune status of HIV-infected individuals. Some HIV-positive individuals may not react to the tuberculin PPD test despite exposure to tuberculosis. Failure to respond in these individuals is caused by anergy. Of 1,445 individuals who had the tuberculin PPD test, 1,171 were HIV-positive homosexual men or intravenous (IV) drug users without AIDS and 182 were HIV-negative homosexual men or IV drug users. Reactivity to the test was higher among intravenous drug users than homosexual men in both groups. HIV-positive individuals were less likely to react to the test than HIV-negative individuals. Among the HIV-positive patients, the likelihood of a reaction to the test decreased with the patient's blood levels of CD4 T cells. The likelihood of anergy increased as the patient's levels of CD4 T cells declined.

Usage, Diagnosis, Tuberculin test

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Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Article Abstract:

Bacterial pneumonia is more common among HIV-positive people than among HIV negative people, and most common among HIV-positive people who used intravenous drugs or had low CD4 cell counts. Researchers followed 1,130 HIV-positive people and 167 HIV-negative people for up to 64 months. People in both groups were either intravenous drug users, bisexual or homosexual men, or female partners of infected men. The incidence of bacterial pneumonia was 5.5 cases per 100 person-years among HIV-positive people, and 0.9 cases/100 person-years among HIV-negative people. HIV-positive people with a CD4 cell count of less than 200 were nearly 6 times more likely to develop bacterial pneumonia than those with CD4 counts above 500. HIV-positive people who were intravenous drug users were also more likely to develop bacterial pneumonia than bisexual or homosexual men and female partners of infected men.

Diseases, HIV patients, Pneumonia, Bacterial pneumonia

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Incidence of tuberculosis in the United States among HIV-infected patients

Article Abstract:

There appear to be some specific demographic and medical characteristics that increase the likelihood of developing tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients. Prevalence of tuberculosis, CD4 counts, sensitivity to mumps and tuberculosis, and geographic location were determined among 1130 HIV-positive patients during a 53-month period. Patients with low CD4 counts, those living in the eastern United States, and those with high sensitivity to tuberculosis were more likely to develop tuberculosis. Overall, there were 31 tuberculosis infections reported during the study period.

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