USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a summary
Article Abstract:
Doctors and health professionals should advise their patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections about behavior that could increase their risk for acquiring infections frequently found in patients with HIV and tailor preventive treatment accordingly. The US Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) formulated guidelines about the prevention and treatment of 17 viral, bacterial, and fungal infections frequently found in patients with HIV. They also included guidelines for children and pregnant women with HIV. Patients with HIV should avoid exposure to animal or human feces, uncooked meat, unpasteurized dairy products, contaminated water, or ready-to-eat foods to reduce the risk for Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, Histoplasma, or Bartonella infections. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, respiratory, and intestinal infections. Treatment with rifabutin may prevent Mycobacterium infections in patients with CD4 cell counts less than 75/microliter.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1996
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Prophylaxis for HIV-related infections: a work in progress
Article Abstract:
Current recommendations by the United States Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America on preventing frequently occurring infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent progress towards managing this disease. These guidelines include recommendations for infection prevention and the preventive use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis. Evidence also suggests that preventive treatment for Mycobacterium avium, fungal infections, and cytomegalovirus infections could be more aggressive in certain patients than these recommendations indicate. Possible complications to consider with aggressive treatment include long-term resistance to the drugs, cost, and adverse interactions with other medications. Future research should address how to identify patients at greatest risk for infection, the origin of these infections, and preventing the immunodeficiency that allows these infections to persist.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1996
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Clinical research in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Article Abstract:
AIDS research progress has been slow but significant since 1984, when HIV was determined to be the cause, although failure to discover a cure has been disappointing. Laboratory research has clarified much of the viral infection process and animal research is not feasible, so clinical research is more important than ever to explore treatment options for AIDS. Besides just testing antiviral drugs for improved measures of immunologic function, clinicians need to investigate the effects of these drugs on viral load in the body, and determine whether amount of the virus is associated with disease progression. Testing for immune response can be improved. Clinical study designs need to be evaluated to ensure that valid results are available for analysis. Dramatic breakthroughs should not be expected, but ongoing and innovative clinical research is essential in the fight against AIDS.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1995
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- Abstracts: Gynecologic disease in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Editorial
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