Urinary tract cancers found by homescreening with hematuria dipsticks in healthy men over 50 years of age

Article Abstract:

Hematuria, blood in the urine (which may be microscopic and not visibly apparent), is a common symptom in bladder and kidney cancers, the fourth leading cause of death from cancer in men. If these cancers are detected early, they are highly curable. An early screening tool for hematuria could identify patients needing further diagnostic evaluation. The use of a home screening method of testing urine for blood was used in 235 men over age 50 who did not have symptoms of bladder or kidney cancer. A strip of paper (chemical reagent strips) dipped into the urine can indicate the presence of blood. The men were asked to use chemical reagent strips once a week for a year. Blood was detected at least once in 44 men. A full urological evaluation in 31 men revealed eight cancers and seven noncancerous conditions requiring treatment. The amount of blood in the urine was not related to disease severity. It is difficult to distinguish patients with mild disease from those with cancer on the basis of hematuria alone. The benefits of early diagnosis cannot be realized if evaluation depends upon symptoms. It is recommended therefore that men over 50 with one episode of blood in the urine have a complete urological evaluation. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Diagnosis, Testing, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Hematuria, Urinary tract cancer, Urologic cancer

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Assessment of gonadal maturation by evaluation of spermaturia

Article Abstract:

The analysis of spermatozoa in the urine may provide a method of assessing the function of the maturing gonads and to screen for damage of the tissue that produces and releases sperm. However, because spermaturia does not occur persistently, its value in screening is limited. Intermittent appearance of spermaturia results from involuntary release of sperm or masturbation. The sensitivity and usefulness of repetitive morning urine collections were assessed in 129 healthy boys, aged 10 to almost 18 years. The proportion of urine containing sperm increased from six percent in boys at the earliest stage of puberty to 92 percent at the most advanced stage. The presence of sperm in the urine was detected in most boys at the age of 14 years. Sperm was detected in the urine within the first five days of collection in boys at the earlier stages of puberty. At the most advanced stage of puberty, the frequency of detecting sperm in the urine increased up to the eighth day of urine collection. These findings suggest that repetitive morning urine sampling may serve as a useful method to assess spermaturia and to screen for damage to testicular tissue. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Measurement, Physiological aspects, Gonads, Spermatozoa, Sperm

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Infant development screening: An n overview

Article Abstract:

Screening is a brief procedure designed to identify children who should receive more intensive diagnosis or assessment and to help children at risk to receive intervention services. Screening infants and toddlers for developmental delays is a process, which selects children in need of further assessment, assists in the identification of delays and disabilities and begins the process of connecting parents to community resources offering early intervention services.

Evaluation, Child development

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