Women's health, public welfare

Article Abstract:

Women's health issues are increasingly being addressed as it comes to be realized that there exist disparities in medical research and medical care based on gender. In the July 24, 1991 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association, a report on such disparities is presented from the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association. It reports on areas where gender discrimination in medicine is particularly evident and it gives recommendations on how this can be changed. Although research alone cannot solve this problem, it is one area where gender disparities are being addressed. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) established an office whose purpose is to ensure that women are included in research studies and that health issues that are unique to women are studied. NIH has more recently implemented two other means for increasing research regarding women. It has set up a conference and other activities to promote research involving women. A new study has been launched examining heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in women in relation to menopause, diet, and other variables. Guidelines are being developed to establish when studies should evaluate gender differences, and the NIH also plans to encourage women to take more leadership roles in the medical field. The number of women entering the medical profession is continuing to rise. Sex differences should be further stressed in medical education. The American Medical Association has addressed a very important issue that the NIH is committed to supporting. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Reports, Social policy, United States. National Institutes of Health, Sex discrimination against women, Discrimination in medical care, Medical care discrimination, editorial

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Helping children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Article Abstract:

The number of children infected with HIV has rapidly increased. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has started a coordinated search for new prevention, treatment and management strategies for HIV infection in children. New drugs being developed for treatment of infants and children infected with HIV include anti-retroviral drugs, drugs that stimulate growth and immune system function, and drugs that prevent secondary infections. The Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of AZT in infants as young as three months old, and a test that can detect HIV infection in infants three to six months old has been developed. NIH is examining the use of AZT in pregnant women to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy and birth. Guidelines on the care and treatment of newborns with HIV have been published for physicians. Children infected with HIV should have regular care from a pediatrician in conjunction with a pediatric center involved in clinical trials of anti-HIV drugs.

Care and treatment, HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections

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Exercise radionuclide angiocardiography predicts cardiac death in patients with coronary artery disease

Article Abstract:

In a study of 1663 patients with coronary artery disease, measurement of the ejection fraction (EF) during exercise proved to be the best predictor of mortality. Two-thirds of the patients who died had exercise EFs below 0.50. Patients with exercise EFs above 0.50 had a low incidence of death.

Patient outcomes, Mortality, Coronary heart disease, Angiocardiography, Radionuclide angiography, Radionuclide ventriculography

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