Appellate law; using certification

Article Abstract:

The article discusses certification, a procedural device used in only a small percentage of the cases where it might be appropriate, whereby a federal or state appellate court can directly ask the supreme court of the state whose law is in question to rule on the state-law issue itself. This limited use may stem from both a lack of familiarity with the procedure and the failure of federal appellate courts to develop consistent guidelines on its use.

United States, Appellate procedure, Appeals (Law)

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Mandates.

Article Abstract:

The power of federal appellate courts to recall their mandates after issuance is discussed, and the interest in finality if the key risk. The 1st Circuiit is the only one not to have embraced this power. A Supreme Court ruling posing questions as to a mandate's propriety may be an appropriate reason for recall.

Federal courts, Powers and duties, Mandates

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Hotel industry faces need for restructuring; downturn in tourism may lead to workouts and Chapter 11 filings; early focused action is key

Article Abstract:

The probable increase in hotel bankruptcies with the decrease in tourism after the terrorist attack of Sept. 11 is discussed. This is an industry-wide problem rather than confined to one company.

Financial management, Finance, Hotel and motel management, Company financing, Bankruptcy reorganizations, Bankruptcy reorganization, Company bankruptcy

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