Defining investment and investor: Who is entitled to claim?

Article Abstract:

An overview of the definitions of investment and investor in contemporary treaties are provided along with the examination of policy implications of these definitions in the investment environment. The Dutch, French and Swiss Bilateral Investment Treaty cover indirect investments through a special definition of 'investor' that encompasses companies controlled by their citizens or by companies organized under their law but investment treaty protection is not lost when multinationals use the common corporate devices of intermediate holding companies.

Germany, Foreign investments, Economic aspects

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International investment treaty protection of NGOs

Article Abstract:

International NGOs are often exposed to interference by the government of the foreign states in which they operate. The avenue of Bilateral Investment Treaty arbitration could therefore be open to NGO groups, which have suffered serious loss at the hands of a host state.

Netherlands, Management dynamics, Management, Company business management, Treaties, International relief organizations

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Enterprise v. state: the new David and Goliath? The Clayton Utz lecture

Article Abstract:

The article provides examples and recommendations for differentiation between state and state enterprises and responsibility of acts of state, with respect to specific procedures and consideration.

Other General Government Support, Government Enterprises-Total Govt, Commercial treaties, Trade agreements, Government business enterprises, Public enterprises, International mediation, Free enterprise

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