The logic of local business associations: an analysis of voluntary Chambers of Commerce

Article Abstract:

The access to specific benefits guides the decision of business houses to join the local Chambers of Commerce in UK. The Chamber managers in turn charge fees for the specific service offered by the associations. The finding supports the hypothesis of Mancur Olson on the forces behind the local business organizations. A strong difference is evident between the types of Chambers; large chambers are chiefly service and fee oriented, smaller ones are mainly collective action bodies. The implications for Government policy in UK, which has a voluntary system of Chambers, are discussed.

United Kingdom, Planning, Membership, Business enterprises, Chambers of commerce

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The new barter economy: an appraisal of Local Exchange and Trading Systems (LETS)

Article Abstract:

A new form of barter economy is emerging in many industrial nations through Local Exchange and Trading Systems (LETS). The aims of LETS are to rebuild local economies, reduce unemployment, and help to build social networks. A case study of a British LETS in Totnes, Devon, shows that LETS are providing economic, social and community-building benefits. However, the benefits of LETS can be further increased by their enlargement, their promotion in deprived communities, and changes in public policy towards them.

Devon, England, Barter, Countertrade

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Trading up the transatlantic relationship

Article Abstract:

The conditions under which a race to the top thesis or California effect is likely to occur are analyzed. Two cases in which the EU restricted or threatened to restrict imports from the United States and Canada because of regulatory standards are analyzed, and lead to two additions to the existing explanations of the California effect.

Europe, Administration of General Economic Programs, California, Quotas & Import Controls, European Union, Powers and duties, Import quotas

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