The political economy of regulation: interests, ideology, voters, and the UK Regulation of Railways Act 1844

Article Abstract:

The UK government began to regulate the country's railroads beginning in the 1840s. The Railways Act of 1844 was the most significant of the railway regulations passed by the government. The Act gave Parliament the power to freeze rates, nationalize railroads exceeding 10% profits and dictate on the operational practices of railroads. The Act was passed at the prodding of Board of Trade Pres W.E. Gladstone. An analyis of Gladstone's actions indicated that he was motivated by positive political economy, in contrast to his rival James Madison whose motivations were based on posthumous deference.

Regulation, admin. of transportation, United Kingdom, Laws, regulations and rules, Railroads, Transportation policy, Gladstone, William (British politician)

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Spiritual abnormality and political revolt in Solzhenitsyn's Red Wheel

Article Abstract:

'The Red Wheel' by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn discusses the effect of moral and political disorder seen in Russia which led to the removal of Tsar Nicholas II in 1917 and the formation of a socialist government. Rather than discussing the development of atheism in Russia, 'The Red Wheel' discusses the development of secularism and the taking over of the functions of God by man. The analysis of Solzhenitsyn's work shows that like Eric Voegelin he believes the loss of spirituality to be the cause of self-destructive politics.

Analysis, Criticism and interpretation, Spirituality, The Red Wheel (Book), Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr

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International games with national rules: How regulation shapes competition in 'global' markets

Article Abstract:

International competition in global industries such as finance and telecommunications, continues to be governed mainly by national regulations. Regulators themselves have to compete when multiple nation regulators govern international markets. The questions as to whether they compete in laxity or in regulatory subsidy, particularly in Britain and Japan, are examined.

Methods, Management, Telecommunications services industry, Telecommunications industry, Financial institutions, Administrative procedure

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