High-amplitude sucking and newborns: the quest for underlying mechanisms

Article Abstract:

Operant conditioning is the underlying mechanism for newborns' ability to learn contingency between sucking responses and reinforcing short speech sounds in the High-Amplitude Sucking procedure. A stimulus change in the contingently presented sounds increases the sucking rate and has a reinforcing effect. However, the sucking response does not significantly differ for both contingent and noncontingent reinforcing stimulus presentation. The neonates appear to be incapable of increasing sucking rate beyond the baseline level, at least with the short speech sounds as reinforcement.

Analysis, Infants (Newborn), Newborn infants, Observations, Operant conditioning, Learning ability, Sucking behavior

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A curvilinear trend in naming errors as a function of early vocabulary growth

Article Abstract:

Experiments with children during the stage when they begin to talk and develop a stock vocabulary show that the incidence of naming errors is highest at that point when the acquisition as well as the use of new words are at their highest level. This finding indicates that the process of word retrieval and the use of previously retrieved words intertwine and thus interrupt each other. Nevertheless, this situation is but temporary.

Verbal ability, Cognition in children, Cognitive development, Child communication, Verbal ability in children

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The role of target distinctiveness in infant perseverative reaching

Article Abstract:

Experiments in reaching for targets in infants are examined. Particular attention is given to the difference in response from infants to target which differ and targets that blend with their contexts. It is concluded that infants do not persevere in reaching for highly distinctive targets.

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