Levels of adult alcohol consumption induced by interactions with child confederates exhibiting normal versus externalizing behaviors

Article Abstract:

Associations between families with children with behavior disorders and high rates of alcohol consumption have been observed in prior studies. Similarly, a high incidence of alcoholism in fathers of attention-deficit disordered (ADD) and conduct disordered (CD) sons has been seen. A study was performed to assess the influence of deviant children upon the drinking patterns of adults who interact with these children. A total of 32 volunteer participants (16 men and 16 women) identified as 'social drinkers' were randomly assigned to interact with one of two groups of children. One group of children was composed of boys who were trained to simulate ADD or CD behavior. The second group of children were normal controls, whose behavior was not altered. Data were collected for each adult regarding his mood before and after exposure to the children. After interaction with the children, an alcoholic beverage (beer) was made available to each subject. The results of the data showed that elevated levels of distress occurred in the subjects after exposure, or in anticipation of exposure, to the children demonstrating the deviant behavior. When the subjects were scored after interacting with these children, anxiety increased by 23 percent, depression increased by 16 percent, and hostility scores were raised by 50 percent. Interactions with the children exhibiting deviant behavior also resulted in increased levels of alcohol consumption in the men, but not in the women. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that alcohol consumption of fathers of children with ADD or CD is increased by exposure to these children. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Social aspects, Alcoholism, Family, Behavior disorders in children, Childhood mental disorders, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alcoholics

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Cognitions and stress: direct and moderating effects on depressive versus externalizing symptoms during the junior high school transition

Article Abstract:

A study of children in transition to junior high school supports the attributional diathesis-stress model of depression. These results suggest that by integrating the diathesis model and self-esteem theories of depression an improved understanding of the relationship between cognitive style and depressive symptoms in adolescents can be achieved. Those students with low self-esteem and a negative attributional style experience a comparatively stressful transition and had the highest level of depressive symptoms during transition.

Research, Causes of, Depression, Mental, Depression (Mood disorder), Cognition disorders, Cognitive disorders, Stress in adolescence, Childhood stress (Psychology)

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Alcohol and human emotion: a multidimensional analysis incorporating startle-probe methodology

Article Abstract:

Exhibiting photographic slides of various types to students reveals the suppression of emotional response to the slides by doses of alcohol. An analysis of the psychophysiological responses shown by these students reveals that the effective modulation of startle does not vary with alcohol consumption. This implies a nonspecific attenuation of arousal reactions during 'stress-response dampening' by alcohol.

Psychological aspects, Influence, Alcohol, Ethanol, Emotions

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