The roles of recognition processes and look-ahead search in time-constrained expert problem solving: evidence from grand-master-level chess
Article Abstract:
Evidence on the role of recognition processes and planning in high level chess performance suggests that recognition process is the primary process in determining the high skill level of grand masters' play. Analysis of masters' and grand masters' simultaneous and rapid games indicate that both can play efficiently under difficult conditions. The rated skill of a grand master is only slightly lower while playing with 6 other grand masters simultaneously, suggesting that look-ahead, or planning, is not as large a factor in success as is recognition.
Publication Name: Psychological Science
Subject: Psychology and mental health
ISSN: 0956-7976
Year: 1996
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What is an "explanation" of behavior?
Article Abstract:
Psychology has progressed to an astonishing degree in the 20th century. Today computer programs are used to simulate the actions of the mind and thus may beconsidered theories. Behaviour may be explained symbolically and physiologically. Models are constructed to encompass the myriad processes of behavior. It is now known that humans are adaptive beings. Internal and external determinants of behavior are explored using verbal and physiological cues. Data-gathering techniques are refined and expanded.
Publication Name: Psychological Science
Subject: Psychology and mental health
ISSN: 0956-7976
Year: 1992
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Templates in chess memory: a mechanism for recalling several boards
Article Abstract:
Chess players use long-term memory retrieval structures or templates in addition to short-term memory chunks to store information rapidly. Expert players can recall more pieces than those in 7 chunks. Percentage of recall declines with additional boards and longer latencies between presentation of boards enhance this recall. Recognition and cognitive association mediate cognitive processes in skilled chess memory. Results are based on three studies with skilled chess players.
Publication Name: Cognitive Psychology
Subject: Psychology and mental health
ISSN: 0010-0285
Year: 1996
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