Cementing the future: The reconstruction of the Cypress Freeway in Oakland, Calif., required some of the most extensive and innovative uses of soil-cement mixing in the U.S
Article Abstract:
The collapse of the Cypress Freeway in Oakland was one of the most devastating effects of the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989. Reconstruction efforts started almost immediately and some parts of the reconstruction presented huge challenges, which were met by the versatility of in situ soil-cement mixing techniques. Three types of soil-cement walls were used to resist lateral pressure from earth, water and surcharge. The Seventh Street seal slab required permanent tie-downs, and soil-cement piles were chosen due to the high density of the sands.
Publication Name: Civil Engineering
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0885-7024
Year: 1998
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Under pressure
Article Abstract:
The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California is using a new concrete cylinder pipe for the Arrowhead East and West tunnels for the Inland Feeder water system that is being built east of Los Angeles, CA. The pipe is water-resistant and can withstand huge external pressure. It is made of an external steel cylinder with an inner concrete core that is reinforced on the inside face. Designers reduced the inside diameters of the tunnels as much as possible to accomodate the precast pipe sections.
Publication Name: Civil Engineering
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0885-7024
Year: 1999
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San Francisco CSO
Article Abstract:
A 900 mile long combined-sewer-overflow control system using mostly jet grouting for full-face tunnel excavation is constructed to solve the problem of San Francisco, CA's combined-sewer-overflow system. The control system consists of a series of underground reinforced concrete box sewers, tunnels, pipes, and pumping stations for the temporary storage of combined sewage. There is also the diversion of existing sewer flows included in the construction.
Publication Name: Civil Engineering
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0885-7024
Year: 1995
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