Comprehensive approach for assessing the kinetics of primary and ultimate biodegradation of chemicals in activated sludge: application to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate

Article Abstract:

The degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in activated sludge was used as a testbed for the formalization of procedures in determining the kinetics of primary and ultimate biodegradation of chemicals. The procedure requires the radiolabeling of chemical, and sampling for the chemical and its intermediates as it is degraded as well as calculating its incorporation into the biomass by extrapolating data from radiolabeled CO2 evolution. For linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, first rate order for primary loss was computed to be 0.96-1.10/h, while complete degradation was computed at 0.50-0.53/h.

Surface active agents, Alkylbenzene Sulfonates NEC, Surface Active Agent Manufacturing, Research, Models, Usage, Environmental aspects, Biodegradation, Alkylbenzene sulfonate, Decomposition (Chemistry), Sewage sludge digestion

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Toward a nonpolluting energy system: the goal seems to be more realistic as a result of advances in fuel cell and photovoltaic technology

Article Abstract:

The conversion of the global energy economy to nonpolluting energy systems is hindered only by present-day manufacturing costs and technology. Optimistic projections of the use of nonpolluting energy system showed that the market penetration of such system could reach as high as 20% by the year 2050. Leading the technologies in nonpolluting energy systems is the development and refinement of photovoltaic, fuel cell and hydrogen fuel technologies, all of which could be wired in various combinations to effect a nonpolluting source of energy for both static and mobile systems.

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS, Energy, Utilities, Forecasts and trends, Energy industries, Power resources, Energy industry, Alternative energy sources, Renewable energy, Photovoltaic power generation, Hydrogen fuels, Hydrogen as fuel, Fuel cell power plants

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