Dissolution of monoaromatic hydrocarbons into groundwater from gasoline-oxygenate mixtures

Article Abstract:

The utilization of equilibrium batch experiments to evaluate the oxygenate additives methanol and methyl tert-butyl ether on the aqueous solubility of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes from gasoline is discussed. Aqueous benzene and methanol concentrations were calculated from successive batches of fresh groundwater equilibrating with fuel and subsequent residuals by using the partitioning theory. It was found that the initial impact of high-methanol fuels on groundwater could be more serious than releases of methanol-free gasoline.

Methods, Usage, Evaluation, Gasoline, Fuel additives, Chemical equilibrium

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Reducing lead in gasoline: Mexico's experience

Article Abstract:

Mexico is moving aggressively to reduce lead exposure by mandating the use of catalytic converters and a switch to low-lead and unleaded gasoline. State oil company Petroleos Mexicanos has facilitated this switch by closing refineries that are not equipped with reformers and hydrotreaters. The salutary effects of this policy have already been demonstrated in the US. In Mexico lead reduction is imperative. A recent study of infants born in Mexico City revealed that 75% of them had blood lead levels above 10 ug/dL at 24 months of age.

Laws, regulations and rules, Prevention, Mexico, Environmental policy, Lead poisoning, Gasoline, Unleaded, Unleaded gasoline

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The lead fingerprints of gasoline contamination

Article Abstract:

A new technique for determining the time of release of contaminants in gasoline to improve estimates of the ages of leaks and spills can determine the time of a release to within one to five years. The Anthropogenic Lead Archaeostratigraphy (ALAS) method uses as basis the isotopic analysis of the lead additives in gasoline. It measures changes in lead isotope ratios to date and fingerprint gasoline releases, integrating results with site histories and other geochemical data.

Petroleum Refineries, Petroleum refining, Regular Leaded Motor Gasoline, Innovations, Measurement, Leaded gasoline, Gas leakage, Gas leaks, Isotope geology

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