Effect of bromide ion on haloacetic acid speciation resulting from chlorination and chloramination of aquatic humic substances

Article Abstract:

A study of the effects of bromide ion on the distribution of haloacetic acid (HAA) species resulting from the chlorination and chloramination of waters containing aquatic humic substances revealed that the distribution of the HAA species among the mono-, di-, and trihalogenated forms appeared to be independent of bromide concentration. Analysis was made by extracting aquatic humic substances from a surface water and a groundwater, chlorinating and chloraminating these at pH 8 and pH 6 in the presence of bromide concentrations and analyzing these for all nine HAA species.

Ions, Acetic acid, Bromides, Bromides (Chemistry)

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Determination of proton affinity distributions for humic substances

Article Abstract:

Derivatives of the overall adsorption isotherm are subjected to binding heterogeneity analysis to determine the affinity distribution function. Ionic strength due to electrostatic effects determined the apparent affinity distribution. These electrostatic effects were described by a double layer rigid sphere model. The resulting affinity distribution is described by a pair of semi-Gaussian peaks.

Protons

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Reactions and products of chloramination

Article Abstract:

The chemical reactions and residual products of chloramination were studied at neutral pH and at elevated pH. Chloramination is the reaction of chlorine with ammonia. Under conditions approximating the disinfection of drinking water, nitrate was the primary end product of the reaction. No explanation is given for the high levels of nitrate produced.

Water, Ammonia, Water treatment, Disinfection and disinfectants, Disinfectants, Disinfection, Stoichiometry, Chlorination

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