Mineralogy at a Crossroads

Article Abstract:

The definition of a mineral as a "naturally occurring crystalline element or compound having definite chemical composition and formed as a product of inorganic processes" was held during the last century. It is now being considered too restrictive. New amorphous forms, new minerals form by synthesis of high pressures and temperatures and manoscopic to mesoscopic materials investigations have broadened the definition. Minerals are no always found naturally in Earth, but on other planets and as the product of human works.

United States, Analysis, Mineralogical research, Identification and classification, Minerals, Minerals (Geology)

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Hydrogen: the first metallic element

Article Abstract:

Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have produced the first direct evidence of a metallic state of hydrogen, by shock-compressing liquid hydrogen between single-crystal aluminum-oxide anvils. The pressure conditions mimicked the interior of Jupiter, where metallic H exists.

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Sound and fury in Jupiter

Article Abstract:

Recent research into the states of hydrogen at extremely high pressures and temperatures have attempted to model the interior of Jupiter. The planet's giant size creates pressures of around 50 Mbar and temperatures near 20,000 K.

Composition, Jupiter (Planet), High pressure chemistry

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