Solids accumulation during deep bed filtration

Article Abstract:

Experiments gathering information on particle accumulation and rising hydraulic gradients in packed beds showed that the build-up of deposited solids determines the performance of deep-bed, porous media filters. These solids aid in later particle removal, but lead to a rise in head loss. It appears that particles are not deposited in a standardised way, and could accumulate in narrow layers, leading to considerable rises in hydraulic gradients. The experiments show that filter deposits have some unique characteristics, and further investigation of these porous structures is required.

Filtration

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Rotating disk electrode voltammetry for studying kinetics of metal complex dissociation in model solutions and snow samples

Article Abstract:

An examination of the applicability of rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry can distinguish labile and nonlabile complexes owing to its ability to measure metal availability for reduction over a wide range of time scales. It can estimate rate constants for the dissociation of metal complexes and concentrations of metal species present in low concentrations in aqueous samples. The RDE technique also has the potential advantage of allowing kinetic measurements to be made in situ with minimal disturbance to the chemical equilibria involved.

Coulometric Equip, Methods, Analysis, Chemical reaction, Rate of, Chemical kinetics, Coordination compounds, Voltammetry, Dissociation, Dissociation reactions, Electrochemical instruments, Disks, Rotating, Rotating disks

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Airborne, continuous measurement of carbon monoxide in the lower troposphere

Article Abstract:

The atomic absorption detector is a system that can measure carbon monoxide with a time resolution high enough for aircraft measurements in the lower troposphere. The instrument can be integrated into a small or mid-sized research aircraft along with other chemical and meteorological instruments. It operates on the principle of reduction of HgO and subsequent detection of Hg vapor by flameless atomic absorption. Results from flight campaigns in 1992 and 1993 in central Europe are presented.

Atomic Absorptn Spectrophotomtrs, Equipment and supplies, Measurement, Carbon monoxide, Troposphere, Spectrophotometers, Atomic absorption spectroscopy

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