The dilemmas of experimenting on people

Article Abstract:

The Nuremberg Code was created in 1947 to codify the rules that must govern the use of human beings in medical research. Prompted by the trial of 23 Nazi doctors who were accused of performing inhuman experiments on concentration camp inmates, the Nuremberg Code was deemed a milestone in the history of medical ethics. However, some medical practitioners, confident of their humane purposes and feeling remote from the conduct of wartime research, found it hard to believe that the Code must be applied to their own work. They also felt that the Code will pose problems in the fields of psychiatry and pediatrics. Yet the Code, which is gaining wide acceptance, does exert a significant influence on the conduct of medical research today.

Laws, regulations and rules, Ethical aspects, Human experimentation in medicine, Human medical experimentation, Patients, Medical ethics

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Forests, trees & people

Article Abstract:

Destruction of the world's forests by human development and acid deposition continues at an alarming rate, but conservation efforts are hindered by a dearth of information on which to build a rational policy. Deforestation in developing countries is accelerated by economic pressures of foreign debt and technologies that enable more rapid development. Forests are currently valued only by the wood produced; no quantification of other forest products or services exists. International forest conservation efforts since the late 1970s are chronicled and a program for the 1992 Earth Summit is outlined.

International aspects, Valuation, Forest conservation

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Can sustainable management save tropical forests?

Article Abstract:

Sustainable forestry often fails, especially in developing countries, due to conflicting economic incentives, minimal government control and lack of political support. Low-interest loans for lumber firms and preservation of areas in and around logging concessions may drive sustainable development.

Management, Environmental aspects, Sustainable forestry

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