Association of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 E6 proteins with p53

Article Abstract:

The papillomaviruses are a group of human DNA viruses that can cause a number of different neoplasms, ranging from benign warts to anogenital cancers. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) can be grouped according to their disease associations: HPV types 6 and 11 tend to be found with benign growths, while types 16 and 18 are frequently associated with malignant neoplasms. In these malignant growths, it is common to find the viral E6 and E7 genes being actively transcribed. This suggests that the E6 and E7 proteins may in some way be actively involved in the malignant transformation process. Previously, the E7 protein has been shown to bind to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product, pRB. This is a protein which normally suppresses cell growth; it is defective in those individuals with the inherited tumor retinoblastoma. The binding of the E7 protein to the pRB is tighter for the HPV-16 and HPV-18 products than for the more benign HPV-6 and HPV-11 products. It was recently shown that the E6 product, also associated with malignancy, binds to a second cellular protein, a phosphoprotein of 53,000 molecular weight, known as p53. This protein was investigated since two other tumor-related DNA viruses, the polyomaviruses and adenoviruses, manufacture proteins which bind to pRB and/or p53. The investigation demonstrated that the E6 protein of both HPV-16 and HPV-18 binds to the cellular protein p53. There are several important features of this observation. The p53 cellular protein is a normal protein which has tumor-suppressing activity. The E6 product from the HPV-6 strain, a benign strain, does not bind to p53 as its more malignant relative does. Furthermore, the fact that three independent types of DNA tumor viruses have gene products which bind to the same cellular proteins indicates that these proteins may play a pivotal role in the transformation of a normal cell into a malignant cancer. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Complications and side effects, Suppression, Genetic, Suppressor mutation (Molecular genetics), Papillomavirus infections, Papilloma, Papillomas

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The many roads that lead to ras

Article Abstract:

Ras genes, which are believed to cause some forms of cancer when mutated, have roles in growth, neurotrophic factors and immune response in cells. Chemical reactions involved in ras gene protein activation and inactivation are discussed.

Ras genes

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