UV acceptance
Article Abstract:
US wastewater treatment plants have accepted ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of wastewater since the mid-1980s only, despite the fact that the technology dates from the early years of the century. Reasons for acceptance include increasing costs associated with chlorination and increasing interest in the safety features of UV systems. Most UV systems use low-pressure mercury vapor lamps which are sited either above or alongside the water flow. Low-pressure UV radiation is sufficient to inactivate viruses and bacteria, but medium-pressure systems are useful in some applications.
Publication Name: Civil Engineering
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0885-7024
Year: 1998
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High-performance steel cuts costs on bridge project
Article Abstract:
The HPS-48W high-performance steel has been used in highway bridges and has been proven to cut down material costs in bridge projects. This steel material is corrosion-resistant, low in carbon and highly-durable. It has been developed by American Iron Steel Institute in agreement with the Dept of the Navy and the Federal Highway Administration. It was first used in the construction project of a bridge market in Nashville, TN. Although the cost of the steel was a little higher than the usual, the overall cost saving in the project was 16 percent.
Publication Name: Civil Engineering
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0885-7024
Year: 1997
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Gaining project acceptance
Article Abstract:
The approval of a public-works project requires public support and so educating the stakeholders and encouraging participation is important. A successful format for developing public support involves five steps: identifying the stakeholders, solicit comments from stakeholders separated into categories, investigate potential conflicts, resolve the conflicts and solicit formal approval of the project. This method avoids surprise complications while allowing the public to feel involved, increasing the chances of final approval.
Publication Name: Civil Engineering
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0885-7024
Year: 1995
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