Influence of cognitive ability on responses to questionnaire measures: measurement precision and missing response problems

Article Abstract:

The influence of respondents' cognitive ability levels on their responses to a variety of questionnaires was assessed. Adult members (N = 347) of a U.S. Army Reserves unit completed a measure of general intelligence and questionnaire battery containing measures of such variables as growth need strength, job characteristics, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Tests of the equality of coefficient alpha reliability estimates yielded statistically significant (p < .10) differences for 14 of the 27 measured variables. These corresponded to a pattern of significant differences in the subgroup standard errors of measurement for the same variables. Further analyses revealed that cognitive ability correlated -.23 (p < .05) with the number of unanswered questionnaire items. Implications for the use of questionnaire measures in organizational research are considered. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Cognition, Psychometrics, Questionnaires

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Individuals' attitudes toward organizational drug testing policies and practices

Article Abstract:

Using a 2 X 2 experimental design and data from 73 blue-collar employees of a manufacturing firm, we assessed the effects of two hypothetical drug testing policies: (a) advance notice of drug testing (not provided vs. provided) and (b) the consequences of detected drug use (termination vs. rehabilitation) on attitudes toward drug testing. A multiple regression analysis for which R = .419, F(2, 70) = 7.456, p = .001, showed that attitudes toward drug testing were influenced by both advance notice of drug testing (beta = .227, p < .05) and the consequences of detected drug use (beta = .356, p < .01). These findings suggest that negative reactions to drug testing may be reduced by (a) giving employees advance notice of scheduled drug tests and (b) responding to detected drug use with employee assistance programs rather than the discharge of employees. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Mandatory drug testing, Drug testing, Organizational behavior

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Effects of missing application-blank information on personnel selection decisions: do privacy protection strategies bias the outcome?

Article Abstract:

Using 3 X 2 X 2 experimental design and data from 188 managers and professionals, this study examined the main and interactive effects of information management strategy (missing information vs. no reported conviction vs. reported conviction), race of the applicant (White vs. Black), and job type (cashier vs. road laborer) on ratings of an applicant's qualifications and likelihood of job success. For the qualification criterion, there were significant main effects for information management strategy and job type. In the case of the success criterion, there were significant main effects for information management strategy and job type and two significant two-way interactions. Constraints on the generalizability of the findings to personnel decision making in actual organizational contexts are considered. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Psychological aspects, Employee recruitment, Employee selection

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