Multiple uses of performance appraisal: prevalence and correlates
Article Abstract:
Performance appraisal is used in organizations for a variety of purposes. However, little empirical research has been conducted to determine (a) the extent to which performance appraisal is used for each of several purposes in industry, (b) the extent to which appraisal data may be used for multiple and possibly conflicting uses within the same organization, and (c) organizational correlates of these uses. A survey questionnaire designed to answer these questions was mailed to 243 members of Division 14 of the American Psychology Association who were employed in industry. A factor analysis of the 106 completed questionnaires indicated four general uses of information from performance appraisals. The use of performance appraisal to simultaneously make distinctions between and within individuals is common. Canonical correlation analyses indicated that organizational characteristics were significantly related to uses of performance appraisal. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1989
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Evaluating the performance of paper people
Article Abstract:
Several recent studies of performance appraisal have used the "paper people" approach, in which raters read performance vignettes and then rate the performance of several hypothetical ratees. This approach may lead to systematically different outcomes from studies in which ratings are based on the direct or indirect (e.g., via videotape) observation of ratees' behavior. One hundred and eleven studies published between 1975 and 1984 were grouped into five major substantive categories, and a comparative meta-analysis was used to contrast the outcomes of paper people studies to those of similar studies in which ratings were based on the observation of ratee behavior. Effect sizes were found to be significantly larger in paper people studies, although this difference was not uniform across all research areas. Results are discussed in terms of differences in signal-to-noise ratios across the two methods. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1986
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Systematic distortions in memory-based behavior ratings and performance evaluations: consequences for rating accuracy
Article Abstract:
The study examines the distortive effects of memory on performance evaluation. Two groups of students were asked to evaluate a videotaped lecture, one set immediately after viewing, a second later on. Memory-based ratings demonstrated greater correlations and greater halo effects than those performed immediately; however, they were also more accurate. In some cases, therefore, memory may present a clearer picture of a situation than the more immediate impression of the events.
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1986
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