Occupational stress: its causes and consequences for job performance

Article Abstract:

This paper reports two studies of occupational stress and its relation with antecedent variables and job performance. The first study, in which 104 nurses participated in group discussions and 96 nurses completed a questionnaire, identified 45 stressful events for nurses. In the second study, 171 nurses who completed another questionnaire were also rated by a supervisor and-or a co-worker. Ratings of interpersonal aspects of job performance (such as sensitivity, warmth, consideration, and tolerance) and cognitive-motivational aspects (such as concentration, composure, perseverance, and adaptability) correlated significantly with self-reported perceptions of stressful events, subjective stress, depression, and hostility. Models developed through path analysis suggest that the frequency and subjective intensity of the 45 events identified in Study 1 cause feelings of stress, which lead to depression, which, in turn, causes decrements in interpersonal and cognitive-motivational aspects of job performance. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Performance, Physicians, Medical professions, Nurses, Organizational effectiveness

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Carpenter apprentices: comparison of career transitions for men and women

Article Abstract:

As women are encouraged to enter nontraditional occupations, it is important to identify factors that may promote a successful transition. Data from carpenter apprentices and instructors were analyzed to compare men and women. In some aspects, based on performance and satisfaction with the apprentice program, the union, and carpentry work, the transition into carpentry is as successful for women as for men. Women give themselves a higher probability of completing the program than do men. Problem areas are evident, however. Women are employed in construction less than men, and their male co-workers have negative attitudes toward affirmative action. In terms of factors associated with success, differences between men and women emphasized co-worker acceptance, fairness in job assignments, age, and realistic expectations. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Career changes, Apprenticeship, Apprenticeship programs, Carpenters

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Coping with job stress: measures and future directions for scale development

Article Abstract:

Three methods of coping with job stress are analyzed, and measuring techniques for each are pursued: control, escape and symptomatic management. Scales for measuring coping processes and coping success levels are analyzed. The three scales developed consider stress factors such as: environmental stressors, cognitive appraisals of the stressors that leave individuals with no identifiably correct plan of action, and levels of stress experienced as evidenced by individual behavior and physiological ratings (higher heart rates and anxiety levels).

Work, Work (Labor), Psychology

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