Utility of predicting group membership and the role of spatial visualizationin becoming an engineer, physical scientist, or artist
Article Abstract:
This article hastwo themes: First, we explicate how the prediction of group membership can augment test validation designs restricted to prediction of individual diferences in criterion performance. Second, we illustrate the utility of this methodology by documenting the importance of spatial visualization for becomingan engineer, physical scientist, or artist. This involved various longitudinal analyses on a sample of 400,000 high school students tracked after 11 years following their high school graduation. The predictive validities of Spatial-Math and Verbal-Math ability composites were established by successfully differentiating a variety of educational and occupational groups. One implication of our findings is that physical science and engineering disciplines appear to be losing many talented persons by restricting assessmentto conventional mathematical and verbal abilities, such as those of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1993
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Comparison of predictive validities measured with biserial correlations and ROCs of signal detection theory
Article Abstract:
Continuous biserial correlations were compared with relative operating characteristics (ROCs) of signal detection theory for three classes in primary pilot training during World War II. The large samples provide a severe test of the applicability of the ROCs to traditional psychometric data. The signal detection model fitted the psychometric data well. Both statistics were influenced by restriction of range, but the measure of area under the ROC (A.sub.z) shrank less rapidly toward its null value than did the biserial correlation (r.sub.bis). The relation of r.sub.bis to A.sub.z is linear as the range of talent is modified by successive truncations in a given distribution, but the two statistics are drawn apart when the distributions differ. A.sub.z is independent of the shape of the continuous distribution. Implications for use by personnel psychologists are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1991
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