Base rates versus sample accuracy: competition for control in human matching to sample

Article Abstract:

Two experiments were performed to assess the influence of base rates and sample accuracy on choice in human decision-making. Subjects undertook hundreds of tasks where they were made to choose between two response options that were both probabilistically reinforced. Results of the first experiment showed that subjects were able to countermatch the unpredictive sample if countermatching the predictive sample was reinforced. Findings of the second experiment revealed subject's choices were influenced primarily by the overall accuracy of the sample. These observations indicate that weak control by base rates.

Decision-making, Decision making, Conditioned response, Conditioned responses

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Response-dependent prechoice effects on foraging-related choice

Article Abstract:

Choice proportions fail to vary as a function of prechoice duration in three experiments investigating the influence of prechoice events on the preference among pigeons. The results indicate that a local-contextual view can sufficiently describe the foraging context. The results have implications for the rate-maximizing views of the optimal foraging theory and correct formulation of the delay-reduction theory of conditioned reinforcement. This investigation shows no decline in preference during the search-choice phase as a function of the prechoice period.

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Choice as a function of reinforcement ratios in delayed matching to sample

Article Abstract:

Two experiments on delayed matching-to-sample in pigeons show that the proportion of reinforcers influences the choice of stimuli. The degree of influence depends upon the intervals of retention and reinforcement. Consistent with J.T. Wixted's model, frequency of association between choice stimuli and reinforcement increasingly determine the choice of stimulus as the sample stimulus becomes less predictive of reinforcement. However, the model failed to predict nonexclusive preference for choice.

Analysis

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