Activity profile of top-class association football referees in relation to performance in selected physical tests

Article Abstract:

The physical demands of top-class referees are analyzed and their official Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) fitness results are compared with physical performance during a match. The results have shown that the top-class referees experienced fatigue at different stages of the match and the typical field tests used by FIFA are not correlated with match activities.

Physical fitness, Referees

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Lower limb muscle strength and physical activity in healthy individuals approaching retirement

Article Abstract:

The knee extensor/flexor muscle strength and physical activity in healthy males and females approaching retirement is examined. The combination of retirement and the known age-related decline in physical performance have shown that some of the participants are at risk of losing their functional independence fairly early in the retirement stage.

Psychological aspects, Muscle strength, Retirement age

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"The fouled player should not take the penalty himself': An empirical investigation of an old German football myth

Article Abstract:

An old German football myth regarding a fouled player not taking the resulting penalty himself as it increases the risk of missing the goal is discussed.

Germany, Football, Football players, Football rules, Myths and legends

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