Muscle, bone and the Utah paradigm: a 1999 overview

Article Abstract:

The controversial Utah paradigm, which is still evolving, is discussed from the perspective of 1999 developments and is supported with evidence. It is a paradigm of skeletal physiology and supplements older ideas about the control of postnatal bone strength and mass in health and disease, on earth and in orbit, and as functions of physical activities including sports. Peak muscle forces on bone, the paradigm asserts, dominate control of certain biologic mechanisms. These mechanisms control changes in postnatal whole-bone strength and mass. It has been thought that nonmechanical factors in the main dominate the control, and that mechanical factors have little effect.

Utah, Aging, Musculoskeletal system, Osteoporosis, Movement (Physiology), Skeleton, Human mechanics

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Effect of acute plasma volume expansion on thermoregulation and exercise performance in the heat

Article Abstract:

The effect of acute plasma volume expansion on thermoregulation and exercise performance in hot conditions has been studied in six male subjects. It appears that in moderately trained men plasma volume expansion by itself does not improve thermoregulatory function and exercise performance in moderate-intensity exercise at high temperatures. Acclimatization to heat brings greater ability to exercise. It may be that this is the result of greater plasma volume and resulting enhanced cardiovascular and thermoregulatory stability.

Exercise, Exercise physiology, Cardiovascular system, Circulatory system, Stress (Physiology), Fever, Hyperthermia, Blood plasma substitutes, High temperatures, Thermal stresses

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An effective, economic way of monitoring menstrual cycle hormones in at risk female athletes

Article Abstract:

This article evaluates the use of urinary assays to monitor estrogen and progesterone levels in female athletes at risk for training-induced disturbances in hypothalamic-pituitary ovarian axis function. Results indicate that urinary assays accurately detect hormone concentrations and should be used to prevent prevent skeletal health problems associated with hormone deficiencies.

Statistical Data Included, Evaluation, Physical education and training, Physical education, Women athletes, Progesterone, Endocrine glands, Endocrine system, Biological assay, Bioassay

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