Adjustments in the diving time budgets of tufted duck and pochard: is there evidence for a mix of metabolic pathways?
Article Abstract:
The optimal time allocation models for dive cycles show a strong correlation between dive cycle patterns and water depth for the tufted duck, Aythya fuligula, and the pochard, A. ferina. The foraging time increases till a depth of three meters for both species. The foraging time for the pochard declines after three meters but increases again at around four meters water depth. The foraging time decreases with increasing substrate depth in accordance with the mixed metabolism model and other aerobic models. No change is observed in surface time and paddle rates.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1996
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The optimal allocation of time over the dive cycle: an approach based on aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Article Abstract:
A method to optimize time allocation during dive cycles extends foraging time to enable both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The maximization may be accomplished using either the switch model or the mixed metabolism model. The switch model allows two metabolic pathways during a dive and predicts the depth at which the diver switches from aerobic to anaerobic dives. The mixed metabolism model considers a simultaneous mix of the two pathways and forecasts changes in the proportions of the two respiration mechanisms with increasing water depth.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1996
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Optimal copula duration in yellow dung flies: effects of female size and egg content
Article Abstract:
Male yellow dung flies, Scatophaga stercoraria, modify copula duration adaptively in response to a number of female cues. Female size is particularly important, as this correlates strongly with sperm displacement rate and with fully gravid egg content, both of which affect the link between fertilization gains and time copulating. Males adjust copula duration to maximize their own fitness, but do so because of selection imposed by female morphology.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1999
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