Current measurement by real-time counting of single electrons
Article Abstract:
An improved version of the conventional single-electron transistor (SET) as a charge sensor is used to detect the tunneling charges in real time and extremely small currents are measured by time-correlated single-electron tunneling oscillations. The measurement of extremely small currents, which is based on electron counting, is self calibrated as the measured frequency is related to the current only by a natural constant.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2005
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Braiding patterns on an inclined plane
Article Abstract:
An explanation of the changing boundaries of a stream flowing at a constant rate leading to the emergence of a beautiful braided structure is provided. The variations in height and width of a braided stream caused by the interaction of surface tension and inertia is discussed as well as misconceptions about the relationship between meandering and braiding are also dispelled.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2004
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