Evolution of the continental crust

Article Abstract:

The continental crust is found to have had a key role in the evolution of the planet and hence new techniques are required to model the differential and evolution of the continental crust and to see back through time to the process involved in its generation. The combination of the models for the differentiation of the crust and the residence time of elements in the upper crust has indicated that the average rate of crust formation is some 2-3 times higher than most previous estimates.

United States, Crust (Geology), Trace analysis

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Metal saturation in the upper mantle

Article Abstract:

High-pressure experiments are used for showing that large parts of the asthenosphere are likely to be metal-saturated in the earth's uppermost mantle. The results have shown that the oxidized nature of the upper mantle cannot be regarded as just being the representative for the Earth's upper mantle as a whole and instead that oxidation is a shallow phenomenon restricted to an upper veneer only about 250 km in thickness.

Atomic properties, Metallic elements, Asthenosphere

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